非线性法向变形节理对弹性纵波传播的影响

从波的弹性位移出发，推导线性位移不连续模型，然后引入等效位移假设，建立节理非线性位移不连续模型。依据所建立的非线性模型，获得垂直入射纵波在非线性法向变形节理处传播的透射和反射系数的解析解。利用该解析解，研究节理初始刚度、节理闭合量与允许闭合量的比率以及入射波频率对节理透反射系数的影响，并与已有的数值计算结果进行比较，两者吻合很好。     

大型商场家电类商品火灾蔓延特性研究

采用实尺实验的方法，针对模拟家电类商品的标准组件，就商品货架摆放和堆垛摆放的不同形式，研究在无水喷淋保护的条件下火灾发展和火焰传播的特性。得出该类商品发生火灾时达到旺盛期的时间、垂直方向和水平方向火焰传播速度以及火灾载荷对火灾发展影响的规律。     

考虑制造和安装误差的桁架结构可靠性计算

对制造和安装误差影响下的杆件可靠性指标加以修正。以桁架结构为例，先建立在制造和安装误差影响下节点坐标变化量和杆件变形量的线性关系，再利用最小势能原理求出最可能杆件变形，并利用测量统计学中协方差传播律求解杆件初始内力的协方差阵，进而求出修正的可靠性指标。最后给出了算例和扩展讨论，结果表明。上述方法有效且具有相对广泛意义，也适用于刚架结构。     

油井爆生气体对岩石劈裂作用机制探索

油井爆生气体对岩石劈裂作用过程，是裂缝面对动态荷载响应并使其发生动态扩展的过程。为描述裂缝动态扩展过程，在气体劈裂过程各能量平衡关系式中，引入动能增量。而动能增量可由量纲分析法推导的能反映裂缝扩展速度和加载率影响的计算公式表示。在离散时间域内，特定气体劈裂作用下，能量方程迭代求解可得到裂缝扩展速度及裂缝扩展长度。由算例分析可知，虽然气体升压变缓时裂尖动态响应对裂缝扩展影响有减弱的趋势，但在气体压力升压较缓情况下，裂尖动态响应对裂缝扩展结果影响仍然很显著。     

A neural network evaluation model for individual thermal comfort

An evaluation model for individual thermal comfort is presented based on the BP neural network. The train data came from a thermal comfort survey. The evaluation results of the model showed a good match with the subject's real thermal sensation, which indicated that the model can be used to evaluate individual thermal comfort rightly. Taken a room air conditioner as an example, the application of the NNEM in creating a microenvironment for individual was discussed. The result showed that the NNEM can play an important role of connecting individual thermal comfort with the control on the air conditioner.     

循环冷冲击作用下煤的渗透性变化规律试验研究

为了研究循环冷冲击处理对煤体增透作用的影响,利用SLX-80型高低温处理系统对原煤煤样进行多次循环冷冲击处理,并利用电子天平和三轴瓦斯渗流实验系统分别测定了煤样冷冲击处理前后的质量变化和渗透率增加幅度,对比分析了冷冲击处理前后煤样表面的裂纹分布情况。试验研究结果表明,循环冷冲击处理所产生的热应力超过煤体抗拉强度时会在煤体内部形成新的裂缝,增加原始裂缝的有效宽度,从而提高了煤体内部裂缝连通的有效性,有效改善了煤体渗透性;循环冷冲击处理后煤体渗透率的平均增幅为16%～215%,煤体渗透率增幅大小与处理后的裂纹增加数量及其连通性紧密相关;煤岩材料的非均质性、外部应力载荷及“负损伤”效应的影响使得循环冷冲击处理后的煤体渗透率增幅具有明显的随机性,并呈现出非均匀波动变化特征;循环冷冲击处理所产生的收缩-膨胀效应会引起煤体部分碎块脱落,最终导致煤体质量减小,循环冷处理后煤体的平均质量减幅为0.151%。     

Concentration du virus de l'hepatite a sur des membranes de celluloseHepatitis a virus concentration on cellulose membranes

Viral hepatitis type A is the most prevalent waterborne disease in U.S.A. and the number of cases has been increasing in recent years (Melnick et al., 1978). Till now, few works were performed on Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) concentration in water (Hejkal et al., 1982, Elkana et al., 1983). In this paper the filter adsorption-elution method, widely used with other viruses (Wallis and Melnick, 1967; Fields et Metcalf, 1975; Smith and Gerba, 1982), was selected to concentrate HAV from experimentally-contaminated distilled water. Filtration was performed through two cellulose membranes (RAWP 04700 and HAWP 04700 Millipore). Eluate or filtrate viruses were precipitated by polyethylene glycol 6000. HAV is detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay according to a previously described method (Deloince et al., 1982). Figure 1 shows the results of adsorbing HAV at different pH levels. Analysis of variance pointed out that, for the pH levels between 3 and 4, the differences were not significant (P = 0.05). Table 1 shows the effects of pH and number of passages of 3% beef extract or 0.2 M glycin buffer on HAV elution. For both eluents the differences in function of pH levels and number of passages of eluent through the membrane were not significant (variance analysis P = 0.05). On the other hand, the comparison between the two eluents pointed out the higher efficiency of beef extract (t-test, P = 0.001). After this procedure, HAV replication occurred in human hepatocarcinoma cells PLC/PRF/5 (Fig. 2) inoculated according to a previously described method (Crance et al., 1983). As poliovirus (Sobsey et al., 1973), HAV adsorption is the most efficient at acid pH levels. Between pH 4.5 and 5, the remarkable adsorption decrease might be related to the inversion of the HAV electrostatic charges sign, i.e. to the occurrence of an isoelectric point. The HAV elution is different from the poliovirus one, the efficiency of which increased with pH (Wallis et al., 1972) and eluent passage numbers (Farrah et al., 1976). That might suggest that from pH 7.5, both the HAV particles and membranes have negative charges which give enough repulsive forces to allow a good elution efficiency. Improvement of HAV elution efficiency by beef extract is similar to a result obtained with poliovirus by Landry et al. (1978). This effect might be explained by the proteinous material presence in beef extract. HAV replication in cell cultures shows the biological properties preservation after this procedure.     

三轴压缩条件下单裂隙花岗岩破坏特性研究

基于常规三轴压缩室内试验分析不同倾角和张开度的单裂隙花岗岩宏观破坏特性,进一步结合颗粒流离散元分析法,对裂纹扩展、能量转化等规律进行探究,结果表明:裂隙倾角α对岩石力学特性影响显著,随着α增加,弹性模量呈现单调增大趋势,同时三轴抗压强度表现出先减小后增大规律,在约60°时达到最小值;随着裂隙倾角的增加,岩石破坏模式逐渐由拉剪混合破坏向宏观剪切破坏转变;裂隙张开度增大,将导致岩石三轴抗压强度大幅下降,围绕初始预制裂隙形成更宽的破碎带;岩石破坏过程中,裂纹数量整体呈“S”型累积,其突变点与应力 应变曲线的弹、塑性和破坏特征点一致;能量耗散与细观劣化特征具有较好的相关性,岩石结构劣化及失稳破坏本质上是能量储存、耗散、释放的过程。     

基于虚拟仪器和软件无线电的BPSK、BFSK信号调制解调技术

为了快速、高效、低成本的构建一个水声通信实验系统,借助于虚拟仪器的概念和软件无线电的思想,对全数字BPSK与BFSK调制解调系统采用计算机仿真的方法进行了研究,在此基础上借助于NI公司的PCI-6221多功能数据采集卡和labview7.1编程软件完成了该系统设计.结果证明：由于水声通信使用的信号频率较低,可以将传统通信系统的上变频、下变频环节去掉,使宽带A/D、D/A尽量靠近发射、接收换能器.与传统采用中频模拟处理方法和数字基带处理方法的系统相比,该系统具有结构简单、可靠性高和灵活性好等优点.     

Toward revealing atomic deformation mechanics in lithium disilicate and β-quartz containing glass-ceramics

The mechanics of glass-ceramics subjected to sharp contact or other loading conditions remain elusive, even after being commercialized in many industrial applications. We present work herein to reveal atomic details of such deformations that are otherwise extremely difficult to probe experimentally for a lithium disilicate (LS2) and β-quartz containing glass-ceramics via molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, the materials are comprised of LS2 and β-quartz nanocrystals in a residual glass matrix. Regardless of the deformation mechanism, whether it be nanoindentation or crack propagation for samples with pre-existing flaws, we observe that the LS2 nanocrystal itself undergoes substantial deformation, either by activating dislocations, forming an amorphization zone, or by initiating microcracks at glass-crystal interfaces or weak crystallographic planes. In contrast, the β-quartz nanocrystal is not easily deformed and remains almost intact with minimal plastic deformation, thereby forcing shear flow and crack propagation pathways to predominately occur in the residual glass and/or at interfaces. The dramatic difference between the crystalline phases also manifests itself in the deformation mode of interfaces under pure shear loading, in which shear bands preferably occur at the LS2-glass interfaces, while cavities form at the β-quartz-glass interfaces. These observations significantly advance our understanding of glass-ceramics and pave ways to exploit the understanding for more applications.